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Chapter 1 - Radioactive Decay and the Origin of Gamma- and X-Radiation | |||||||||||||||
| Table is Isotopes Browne, E., Firestone R. B., Baglin, C.M. and Chu, S.Y.F. (1998). Table of Isotopes, Wiley, New York. This book is now accompanied by a CD containing the nuclear data tables. |
http://www.wiley.com/toi | ||||||||||||||
| Chart of Nuclides An interactive on-line version of the Chart of the Nuclides from the US NNDC |
http://www.nndc.bnl.gov/chart/ see alsoData page | ||||||||||||||
Chapter 2 - Interactions of Radiation with Matter | |||||||||||||||
| Attenuation Data An excellent Internet source of attenuation and absorption data is: (Table 3 is particularly useful.) |
http://physics.nist.gov/PhysRefData/XrayMassCoef/cover.ihtml | ||||||||||||||
Chapter 3 - Semiconductor Detectors for Gamma-Ray Spectrometry | |||||||||||||||
| Detector Construction " There is an excellent description of detector construction at: |
http://www.ortec-online.com/detectors/photon/a1_1.htm | ||||||||||||||
| CdZnTe detectors Information on CdZnTe detectors: eV Products. This site has links to a number of literature sources dealing with the theoretical and technical aspects of the material. |
http://www.evproducts.com http://www.evproducts.com/white_papers_news.html | ||||||||||||||
| XRF Corporation | http://www.xrfcorp.com | ||||||||||||||
| Liquid Nitrogen Generator Information on a liquid nitrogen generator from Rigaku/MSC |
http://www.rigakumsc.com/cryo/nitrogen.html | ||||||||||||||
Chapter 4 - Electronics for Gamma-Ray Spectrometry | |||||||||||||||
| TRP The role of the transistor reset preamplifier in germanium gamma spectroscopy systems, Application Note |
THIS LINK IS NOW DEAD | ||||||||||||||
| ORTEC and Canberra Catalogues The catalogues of ORTEC and Canberra have introductory sections which are worth reading for an outline of the electronic processes used in their equipment. Their web sites are at: |
http://www.ortec-online.com http://www.canberra.com | ||||||||||||||
| Electronic Glossary Those who have been baffled by the (necessary) electronic jargon might try the following for assistance |
http://www.maxmon.com/glossary.htm | ||||||||||||||
Chapter 8 - True Coincidence Summing | |||||||||||||||
| GESPECOR Information about the availability if GESPECOR can be found on the Internet at: |
http://www.matec-online.de | ||||||||||||||
Chapter 9 - Computer Analysis of Gamma-Ray Spectra | |||||||||||||||
| Spectrum Analysis Programs The MCA emulator and spectrum analysis programs referred to in this chapter were: From ORTEC: |
http://www.ortec-online.com/software/software-available.htm | ||||||||||||||
| From Canberra: | http://www.canberra.com/products/831.asp | ||||||||||||||
| Hpermet-PC - Off-line spectrum analysis program | http://www.iki.kfki.hu/nuclear/hypc/index.html | ||||||||||||||
| From JF Computing. FitzPeaks off-line spectrum analysis package. | http://www.jimfitz.co.uk/ | ||||||||||||||
| From Nuclear Training Services Ltd: CompAct off-line program for activity estimation. Intended for neutron activation analysis and general comparative analysis. Efficiency curves are not used. | http://www.gammaspectrometry.co.uk/compact | ||||||||||||||
Chapter 10 - Scintillation Spectrometry | |||||||||||||||
o Details of many scintillators can be found on the Saint-Gobain web site, where there is a link to the 'BrilLanCe Products Whitepaper' |
http://www.detectors.saint-gobain.com | ||||||||||||||
Chapter 13 - Low Count Rate Systems | |||||||||||||||
| Canberra Application Notes Canberra's list of application notes can be found at: |
http://www.canberra.com/literature/967.asp | ||||||||||||||
| ORTEC Application Notes ORTEC's list of application notes can be found at: |
http://www.ortec-online.com/application-notes/application-notes.htm | ||||||||||||||
| PGT Well Detectors PGT Inc., Well Detectors with the Through-Hole Advantage. |
http://www.pgt.com/Nuclear/Well.html | ||||||||||||||
| Bigger-is-Better? Keyser and Wagner (1990). The benefits of using super-large germanium gamma-ray detectors for the quantitative determination of environmental radionuclides. |
http://www.ortec-online.com/pdf/biggerbetter.pdf | ||||||||||||||
| Low Background Systems Considerations for Environmental Gamma Spectroscopy systems Ultra Low-Background Detector Systems Ultra Low-Background Shield - Model 777 |
http://www.canberra.com/pdf/Literature/envapn.pdf http://www.canberra.com/pdf/Literature/ultralowbg.pdf http://www.canberra.com/pdf/Products/Detectors_pdf/2m777.pdf | ||||||||||||||
| Compton Suppression On active background reduction: 'Compton Suppression... Made Easy', Appl Note AN-D-8901 |
http://www.canberra.com/pdf/Literature/comptonsupp.pdf | ||||||||||||||
Chapter 14 - High Count-rate systems | |||||||||||||||
| High CR Performance Twomey, Keyser, Simpson, and Wagner(1991). High-count-rate spectroscopy with Ge detectors: quantitative evaluation of the performance of high-rate systems |
http://www.ortec-online.com/pdf/hcrpaper.pdf | ||||||||||||||
| HCR Guide Canberra Application Note (1993). A Practical Guide to High Count-rate Germanium Gamma Spectroscopy |
http://www.canberra.com/pdf/Literature/nan0013.pdf | ||||||||||||||
| Performance of DSP Canberra Application Note (1999). Performance of Digital Signal Processors for Gamma Spectrometry |
http://www.canberra.com/pdf/Literature/a0338.pdf | ||||||||||||||
| DSP vs Analogue Vo, Russo and Sampson, T.E. (1998)(Originally published as Los Alamos Report, LA-13393-MS) |
http://www.ortec-online.com/pdf/losalamospaper.pdf | ||||||||||||||
| High Performance HPGe Keyser and Twomey (2003) Developments in High-Performance HPGe Detector Spectrometer Systems for Safeguards Applications |
http://www.ortec-online.com/pdf/paperinmm.pdf | ||||||||||||||
Chapter 15 - Ensuring Quality in Gamma-Ray Spectrometry | |||||||||||||||
| Validation Koskelo and Schwenn, H.R. (2000) Verification of gamma spectroscopy programs: N42.14 and beyond. This paper on using the ANSI N42 tests as a basis for testing the quality of spectrum analysis programs |
http://www.canberra.com/pdf/literature/g2k-paper.pdf | ||||||||||||||
| Intercomparisons Information on recent and ongoing intercomparisons |
http://www.iaea.org/programmes/aqcs/interlab_studies.shtml | ||||||||||||||
| Spiked soil Intercomparison IAEA (2007) Report on IAEA-CU-2006-03 (spiked soil, water and grass) |
http://www.iaea.org/programmes/aqcs/icpt/opt06.pdf | ||||||||||||||
Decker (2001) EML GAMMA SPECTROMETRY DATA EVALUATION PROGRAM, EML-612 Environmental Measurements Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy |
http://www.eml.st.dhs.gov/publications/reports/eml602.pdf | ||||||||||||||
| TECDOC-619 This website carries the IAEA TECDOC-619 data and some test spectra: IAEA TECDOC-619 data: Test Spectra in general and download of IAEA G1 and Sanderson spectra: The SpecMaker program can be obtained free of charge at: |
http://www.gammaspectrometry.co.uk/iaea http://www.gammaspectrometry.co.uk/testspectra http://www. gammaspectrometry.co.uk/specmaker | ||||||||||||||
| IAEA Test Spectra These are available on the website of the Technical University of Delft. but a more convenient download is available on this site. (The tudelft website URLs are not suitable for quoting directly.) |
1995 Spectra 2002 Spectra | ||||||||||||||
| ANSI and IEEE Documents ANSI documents can be purchased online at: |
http://www.ansi.org/ http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/standards.jsp | ||||||||||||||
Chapter 16 - Gamma Spectrometry of NORM
IAEA XGAMMA Data |
The recently published evaluated IAEA data (2007) can be accessed at: http://www-nds.iaea.org/xgamma_standards/ | Chapter 17 - ApplicationsCTBTO |
Information on the CTBTO can be obtained from their website at: http://www.ctbto.org | Uranium Enrichment |
Canberra (1996) IMCA: A Dedicated Instrument for Uranium Enrichment Measurements in Safeguards Inspections, Canberra Application note. This note is followed by a number of useful references to programs for achieving isotopic analysis. http://www.canberra.com/literature/1048.asp | U-Pu InSpector |
A Dedicated Instrument for Assessing the Isotopic Composition of Uranium and Plutonium, Canberra Application note. http://www.canberra.com/literature/1049.asp | Pu Isotopic Codes |
Koskelo, Wilkins and Fleissner (2001) Comparison Of The Performance Of Different Plutonium Isotopic Codes Using a Range Of Detector Types http://www.canberra.com/literature/1180.asp | CZT detectors |
Arlt, Ivanov and Parnham (2000), Advantages and Use of CdZnTe Detectors in Safeguards Measurements available at: http://www.evproducts.com/white_papers_news.html | | |||
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